Abstract :

Wireless Sensor Networks consist of energy-constrained sensor nodes deployed for long-term monitoring applications. Efficient utilization of energy is a critical challenge in such networks. Clustering techniques help reduce communication overhead and improve network lifetime. This work focuses on an energy-efficient clustering approach for optimal cluster head selection. The method considers residual energy and node distribution to balance energy consumption. Cluster heads aggregate data and transmit it to the base station, reducing redundant transmissions. The proposed strategy minimizes premature node failure. Simulation results demonstrate improved stability and throughput. The approach adapts dynamically to network conditions.Communication cost is significantly reduced. Overall, the method enhances network longevity and reliability.