Abstract :

Traffic congestion has become a major challenge in urban areas due to the rapid increase in vehicle population and limited road infrastructure. Conventional traffic control systems operate on fixed time signals and fail to respond to real-time traffic conditions. This paper presents a smart traffic congestion control strategy using embedded systems to improve traffic flow efficiency. The proposed system is developed using an Arduino UNO as the central controller. Ultrasonic sensors are employed to measure vehicle density on each lane, while IR sensors detect vehicle presence at junctions. Sound sensors are used to identify emergency vehicle sirens, enabling priority-based signal control. Based on sensor inputs, the Arduino dynamically adjusts signal timings to reduce congestion. Servo motors are used to control physical barriers or signal indicators, ensuring smooth traffic movement. LED indicators represent traffic signal status for each lane. The system operates in real time and adap